Chondroitin

Acquisition of antibodies to variant antigens on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes during pregnancy.

Fievet N, Le Hesran JY, Cottrell G, Doucoure S, Diouf I, Ndiaye JL, Bertin G, Gaye O, Sow S, Deloron P.

Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UR 010, Mother and Child Health in the Tropics, BP1386 CP 18524 Dakar, Senegal.

Pregnancy-associated malaria is characterized by Plasmodium falciparum adherence to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in placenta, through a particular variant surface antigen (VSA). VSA(CSA)-specific IgG are involved in protection against placental malaria. In order to assess the relationship between VSA(CSA)-specific antibody responses and parity as well as protection against placental malaria, the occurrence of P. falciparum infection was assessed in 306 pregnant women from a low malaria transmission area of Senegal. Anti-VSA(CSA) antibodies against three placental parasite isolates were measured by flow cytometry, at enrollment and delivery. Placental infection prevalence rates were highest in primigravidae, but no clear decreasing trend was observed from the second pregnancy onwards. Anti-VSA(CSA) antibody prevalence rates increased with parity. Both anti-VSA(CSA) antibody prevalence rates and levels increased during pregnancy only in women infected with P. falciparum. Although a single or a very limited number of P. falciparum infections were able to induce an anti-VSA(CSA) antibody response, the level or the quality of this response did not appear to confer protection against placental malaria infection.

PMID: 16621725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

We are strictly a bulk supplier to manufacturers – we do not sell to re-sellers or individuals. Our minimum order size is approximately 25 kilos. We are one of only a few suppliers that carry $5 million product liability insurance for our customers. AHD International LLC is classified as a importer, exporter, manufacturer, distributor of nutritional ingredients depending on the ingredient specified. AHD has 5 warehouse locations across North America and sales agents in over 10 countries. We are the only ingredient company to be awarded the Dun and Bradstreet's fastest growing company in America twice in 1999 and 2002..

For quotes please click here

*"These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."